Kidney Stone – Types, Symptoms, Causes, tips to avoid, Diagnosis, and best Treatment in Jaipur

Kidney Stone, Kidney Stone Types, Kidney Stone Causes, Kidney Stone Symptoms, Kidney Stone Treatment, Kidney Stone Diagnosis, Kidney Stone Jaipur

A kidney stone is a hard deposit of minerals and salts that builds up inside the kidney. It is also called nephrolithiasis, renal calculus, or urolithiasis. There is no specific location of kidney stones in the urinary tract — they can affect any part of the system. A stone forms when urine gets concentrated, causing minerals to crystallise and stick together. If kidney stones are recognised in time, they tend not to cause permanent damage. It is one of the most painful medical conditions.

Causes of Kidney Stone

The following are the causes of kidney stone

• Dehydration is the primary cause of kidney stone
• High levels of oxalate, phosphorus, and calcium in the urine
• Too much sodium intake can cause kidney stone
• Obesity is the leading cause for forming a kidney stone
• Polycystic kidney disease can cause kidney stone
• Certain medicines can also cause kidney stone 

Types of kidney stone

Types of kidney stones are as follows

1. Calcium stone

A kidney stone in the form of calcium oxalate is a calcium stone. Nut and chocolates, certain fruits are rich in oxalate. The following are the foods rich in oxalate, so reduce the intake of these to prevent kidney stones.

• Strawberries
• Tea
• Spinach
• Dried beans and peas
  Calcium stones can also exist in the form of calcium phosphate. In metabolic conditions, the chance of calcium phosphate increases than oxalate.

2. Uric acid stones

Monosodium urate forms uric acid stones in the kidneys. The intake of foods that are rich in natural chemical compounds (Purines). High purine intake causes higher production of monosodium. 

3. Struvite stone

Urinary tract infection in a person causes struvite stone. This type of stone grows quickly and becomes large.

Cystine stone

Cystine stones form in people with a hereditary disorder called cystinuria that causes the kidneys to excrete too much specific amino acid.

Symptoms of kidney stone

The following are the early signs or symptoms of kidney stone

• If you have blood in urine, then you might be having a kidney stone
• Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of kidney stone
• Passing brown, red, or pink urine
• Severe pain in the abdomen or lower back
• If your passing cloudy or bad-smelling urine, then you might be a chance of having a kidney stone
• If you are suffering from pain while urinating, 
• Frequent need to urinate
• Inability to urinate
• Fever and chills are also a symptom of kidney stones.

Factors that increase the risk for kidney stone

The following are the factors that increase the risk of kidney stone

• Family history or heredity- The person is more likely to develop kidney stones if anybody had a kidney stone in their family. 
• Intake of sodium- Intake of high sodium diets can increase the chances of developing a kidney stone.
• Personal history- If you have one or more kidney stones, you are at risk of developing another. 
• Dehydration- The chances of developing kidney stones increase if you drink less water than required.
• Intake of sugar- Intake of sugar can increase the chances of developing a kidney stone.
• Obesity- The person who is overweight is at high risk of developing kidney stones.
• Medical condition- Having medical conditions such as cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, and renal tubular acidosis can increase the risk of developing kidney stones. 

Prevention tips

Prevention tips for kidney stone are as follow:

• Drink enough water to preventing kidney stone
• Eat a healthy diet 
• Reduce intake of sugar and salt
• Consult urologist if suffering from symptoms of kidney stone
• Lose weight or maintain a proper weight
• Do exercises 
• Follow the advice given by your urologist 

Diagnosis 

If you are suffering from kidney stone symptoms, your urologist will suggest some tests to diagnose kidney stones. The following are the diagnostic tests that your urologist may suggest to diagnose a kidney stone.

• Blood test
• Urine test
• X-ray
• CT scan

Treatment for kidney stone

The following are the possible treatment available for kidney stone

Small stones can be treated without being invasive. One should follow prevention tips to get rid of kidney stones.

For larger stones, your urologist may suggest you go for a surgical procedure. 

Lithotripsy

It is a treatment that uses shock waves to break large kidney stones into small pieces. After the treatment, the small kidney stone will pass through urine.

Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy

Kidney stones can be treated with cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. Both methods are the same, just with minor differences. The urologist uses cystoscopes in cystoscopy and a ureteroscope in ureteroscopy. Urologists insert the ureteroscope or cystoscope through the urethra to see the stone. Once the kidney stone is found, the doctor removes it or breaks it into pieces.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A small cut in your back is made to insert the tool directly into your kidney. Urologists locate and remove kidney stones with a thin instrument called a nephroscope.

Why choose Sandeep Nunia for the treatment

Sandeep Nunia is concerned about his patients. Listening to the problem calmly and suggesting the best solution is his speciality. A primary goal of Dr Sandeep Nunia is to design a treatment program that meets the needs of the patients. He can diagnose and treat kidney stones efficiently. He delivers minimally invasive surgeries to remove kidney stones. He has performed thousands of minimally invasive procedures to remove kidney stones.

In addition to specialising in minimally invasive surgeries, Dr Sandeep Nunia also offers laser surgery. Depending upon the size and location of the stone, he might also use laser surgery, endoscopy, and shockwaves. 

His vast experience in the urology field makes him the best urologist in India. Dr Sandeep Nunia has performed 5000 major urological procedures, including 125 cases of laparoscopic nephrectomy, 1000 successful laparoscopic surgeries in a short span, 100 advanced urogynaecological procedures as the only urogynaecologist of Rajasthan, and 50 pediatric urology cases like MINI PCNL, lap ureteric reimplant, etc.